Yes, IVF is legal in Japan, but strictly regulated under the Act on Regulation of Human Cloning Techniques (2001) and Guidelines for Assisted Reproductive Technology (2020, revised 2024). The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) oversees compliance, with 2026 amendments tightening donor gamete tracking and embryo limits.
Key Regulations for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in Japan
- Gamete Donation Restrictions: Anonymous sperm donation is permitted, but egg donation is prohibited unless the donor is a known relative (e.g., sister) under MHLW’s 2024 ethical guidelines. Commercial egg donation remains illegal.
- Embryo Storage Limits: IVF-generated embryos may be cryopreserved for up to 5 years, extendable to 10 years with MHLW approval. Post-2026, clinics must report storage durations annually.
- Clinic Licensing: Only facilities accredited by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) may perform IVF. Unlicensed clinics face fines up to ¥5 million (~$33,000) under the 2021 Act on Assisted Reproductive Technology.
Additional constraints include mandatory genetic testing for donor-conceived children upon request and a ban on sex-selective embryo implantation. Non-compliance risks license revocation.