Yes, spearguns are legal in Canada but strictly regulated under federal and provincial laws. Compliance hinges on licensing, restricted use in marine protected areas, and adherence to provincial hunting seasons. The Fisheries (General) Regulations and provincial wildlife acts govern their possession and use, with 2026 amendments tightening enforcement on non-compliant imports.
Key Regulations for Spearguns in Canada
- Licensing Requirements: Spearguns are classified as firearms under the Firearms Act if designed to discharge projectiles over 150 joules or exceed 60 cm in length. Owners require a Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL), with restricted classifications for spearguns exceeding provincial energy thresholds.
- Provincial Hunting Restrictions: Use is prohibited in marine protected areas (e.g., Gwaii Haanas, Pacific Rim) and during closed seasons for target species. British Columbia’s Wildlife Act mandates a valid hunting licence for spearfishing, while Quebec enforces seasonal bans on certain species.
- Import Controls: The Firearms Act and Customs Act require importers to declare spearguns at border crossings. Commercial imports must align with the Wild Animal and Plant Trade Regulations, with permits mandatory for species listed under CITES.