Yes, spearguns are legal in Montana for underwater fishing, provided users comply with state wildlife regulations and local ordinances. The Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP) Commission enforces speargun use under fishing license requirements and seasonal restrictions, with 2026 updates tightening harvest limits for certain species.
Key Regulations for Spearguns in Montana
- Fishing License Mandate: A valid Montana fishing license is required to use spearguns, with exceptions for youth under 12 or landowners fishing on their property. Non-residents must adhere to the same licensing standards.
- Seasonal and Species Restrictions: Spearguns are prohibited for harvest during closed seasons for targeted species (e.g., trout, salmon) and in designated protected waters. The 2026 FWP revisions expanded seasonal bans to include additional tributaries of the Missouri River.
- Equipment Specifications: Spearguns must not exceed 5 feet in length, and mechanical reloading mechanisms are banned. Barbed spears are restricted in waters managed for catch-and-release programs.
Local jurisdictions, such as Missoula County, may impose additional ordinances, including speargun discharge bans in urban water bodies. Violations of FWP or local rules may result in fines up to $1,500 or license suspension. Always verify current regulations with the FWP website or regional wardens before deployment.