Yes, pepper spray is legal in Spain for self-defense under strict conditions. Civilian possession requires a valid self-defense justification, with canisters limited to 20ml capacity and 5% oleoresin capsicum (OC) concentration. The Guardia Civil enforces compliance, while regional authorities like the Ertzaintza (Basque Country) may impose additional scrutiny. Recent 2026 amendments to the Ley de Seguridad Ciudadana tighten penalties for unauthorized carry, mandating proof of necessity during inspections.
Key Regulations for Pepper Spray in Spain
- Capacity and Concentration Limits: Only canisters ≤20ml with ≤5% OC are permitted. Larger or higher-concentration variants are classified as prohibited weapons under Real Decreto 137/1993.
- Self-Defense Justification: Carriage requires demonstrable need (e.g., documented threats or high-risk professions). Unsubstantiated possession risks confiscation under Artículo 148 del Código Penal.
- Regional Enforcement Variations: Autonomous communities like Catalonia (Mossos d’Esquadra) or Madrid (Policía Municipal) may demand additional permits for public carry. Non-compliance triggers fines up to €300 under Ley Orgánica 4/2015.